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Freezing mixtures
Sometimes deeper temperatures than 0°C must be reached without wanting to use dry ice.
In that case it is possible to mix crushed ice with special substances through which astonishing deep temperatures can be reached:
| Reachable temperature |
Name of substance | Chemical formula
Optimal quantity per kg of ice |
Remarks |
| -10°C |
Urea |
(NH2)2CO |
100 g |
Sparing environment |
| -13°C |
Ammonium nitrate |
NH4NO3 |
140 g |
Explosive, toxic |
| -13°C |
Sodium nitrate |
NaNO3 |
150 g |
Conservating agent |
| -15°C |
Ammonium chloride |
NH4Cl |
250 g |
Toxic |
| -21°C |
Sodium chloride (common salt) |
NaCl |
330 g |
Cheap, unperilous, easy to find |
| -30°C |
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) |
C2H5OH |
1050 g |
Toxic |
| -55°C |
Calcium chloride |
CaCl2 · 6 H2O |
1430 g |
Desiccant, toxic |
| -63°C |
Potassium hydroxide |
KOH |
310 g |
Intense etching alkaline solution, toxic |
Source (in german language): Dr. Ruediger Blume
For these informations we do not assume del credere liability and we do not offer the listed substances. Before handling with them you must inform yourself about it's dangerousness and you have to follow it's safety instructions. Additionally deep-frozen substances offer the same dangerousness for the human body as hot substances.
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